Pilger on Mandela

I have a friend who is a summer-of-love son of a Mexican playboy who eventually had him come to live in a very large house in Mexico City.  To say this person had a different childhood than mine is a massive understatement.  The very rich in Mexico form a small town where everyone seems to know each other.  Friend is pretty cagey on this subject and usually I cannot tell if he's not telling the whole story or if his father has left out some important details, but he seems pretty conversant on the subject of corruption within the Mexican ruling class.  I value his opinions because USA is clearly moving from being an industrialized republic to a neo-feudal deindustrialized oligarchy like much of the rest of the Americas.

Sample opinions:

"What is so amazing is not that USA politicians are corrupt, but that they are so cheap.  They'll sell out for a $25,000 campaign contribution.  No Mexican president ever leaves office without at least a $1 Billion salted away in secret offshore accounts.  Most people estimate Salinas' loot at over $8 Billion."

"Just remember, the first big investors in Romney's Bain Capital were the ruling families of El Salvador who were looking to invest the money they had creamed off US aid for their dirty little war in the 1980s.  I guess the Mormons are nothing if not ethically flexible.  Well, maybe Bain was a little more ethical than the rich Salvadoran thugs because while they looted and destroyed some towns in the American Midwest, at least they didn't rape and kill nuns or organize death squads."

The reason I bring this up is because of the conversations we have had over what I just call, "The Talk."  I was first made aware of "The Talk" by James Carvelle who was usually credited for being Clinton's economic strategist during the 1992 elections.  He is supposed to have created the slogan "It's the economy, stupid."  Clinton had won the election making economic promises that would have gladdened the hearts of the 19th-century Populists.  By the time he was inaugurated, Clinton had installed an economic team that was certain to break every campaign promise.  Carvelle watched this process unfold and at one point said hopelessly, "In my next life, I want to come back as the bond market."

Clinton's trip from Southern Populist to neoliberal swine was far from the longest political journey.  We saw Bob Rae elected as Ontario's Prime Minister from the left-populist NDP party who became a neoliberal and sold out his union supporters. We also saw Michael Manley of Jamaica, who the State department probably considered a Communist, adopt a neoliberal plan upon his second election in 1989.  Whatever is included in "The Talk", it seems quite effective.

But whenever I want to indicate evidence of "The Talk" I usually come around to Nelson Mandela.  He was a real fighting revolutionary.  The ANC actually got material assistance from Cuba and USSR who were fighting the South African army quite effectively in both SA and Angola. Mandela himself spent 27 years in a SA prison—not an especially fun place to be.  His supporters had organized and died.  Yet Mandela had barely emerged from prison before he had agreed to sell out his supporters and shoulder the debts incurred by his tormentors.

So I am asking my friend his best guess as to what must be included in "The Talk."  He said he didn't know but it was probably some version of "which would you prefer, silver or lead (plata o plomo—slang for money or bullets)?  We have both."  A guy like Mandela was made to understand that his "unconventional" economic theories would cause more misery for his followers.  But if that failed to impress him, he would be made to understand that he had a choice—he could play ball with the lords of international finance and assure his great-grandchildren could afford to attend the finest universities on earth, or he could be targeted for assassination.  All this would be very polite and would stress that all the "serious" economists on earth agreed with the economics of neoliberalism so he could sleep knowing he at least tried to cut a good deal for his supporters.

And so because Mandela played ball, he was accorded a memorial where some of the folks who once had called Mandela a communist and a terrorist (which he was as a young man) came to pay their respects (or at least goof off.)  The most famous picture of the event seems to be David Cameron, Pres. Obama, and Danish Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt—good neoliberals all—mugging for a smartphone.  The evidence of "The Talk" just seems to be overwhelming.

Mandela's greatness may be assured, but not his legacy

John Pilger  11 July 2013

When I reported from South Africa in the 1960s, the Nazi admirer Johannes Vorster occupied the prime minister's residence in Cape Town. Thirty years later, as I waited at the gates, it was as if the guards had not changed. White Afrikaners checked my ID with the confidence of men in secure work. One carried a copy of 'Long Walk to Freedom', Nelson Mandela's autobiography. "It's very eenspirational," he said.

Mandela had just had his afternoon nap and looked sleepy; his shoelaces were untied. Wearing a bright gold shirt, he meandered into the room. "Welcome back," said the first president of a democratic South Africa, beaming. "You must understand that to have been banned from my country is a great honour." The sheer grace and charm of the man made you feel good. He chuckled about his elevation to sainthood. "That's not the job I applied for," he said drily.

Still, he was well used to deferential interviews and I was ticked off several times - "you completely forgot what I said" and "I have already explained that matter to you". In brooking no criticism of the African National Congress (ANC), he revealed something of why millions of South Africans will mourn his passing but not his "legacy".

I had asked him why the pledges he and the ANC had given on his release from prison in 1990 had not been kept. The liberation government, Mandela had promised, would take over the apartheid economy, including the banks - and "a change or modification of our views in this regard is inconceivable". Once in power, the party's official policy to end the impoverishment of most South Africans, the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), was abandoned, with one of his ministers boasting that the ANC's politics were Thatcherite.

"You can put any label on it if you like," he replied. "...but, for this country, privatisation is the fundamental policy."

"That's the opposite of what you said in 1994."

"You have to appreciate that every process incorporates a change."

Few ordinary South Africans were aware that this "process" had begun in high secrecy more than two years before Mandela's release when the ANC in exile had, in effect, done a deal with prominent members of the Afrikaaner elite at meetings in a stately home, Mells Park House, near Bath. The prime movers were the corporations that had underpinned apartheid.

Around the same time, Mandela was conducting his own secret negotiations. In 1982, he had been moved from Robben Island to Pollsmoor Prison, where he could receive and entertain people. The apartheid regime's aim was to split the ANC between the "moderates" they could "do business with" (Mandela, Thabo Mbeki and Oliver Tambo) and those in the frontline townships who led the United Democratic Front (UDF). On 5 July, 1989, Mandela was spirited out of prison to meet P.W. Botha, the white minority president known as the 'Groot Krokodil' ('Big Crocodile'). Mandela was delighted that Botha poured the tea.

With democratic elections in 1994, racial apartheid was ended, and economic apartheid had a new face. During the 1980s, the Botha regime had offered black businessmen generous loans, allowing them set up companies outside the Bantustans. A new black bourgeoisie emerged quickly, along with a rampant cronyism. ANC chieftains moved into mansions in "golf and country estates". As disparities between white and black narrowed, they widened between black and black.

The familiar refrain that the new wealth would "trickle down" and "create jobs" was lost in dodgy merger deals and "restructuring" that cost jobs. For foreign companies, a black face on the board often ensured that nothing had changed. In 2001, George Soros told the Davos Economic Forum, "South Africa is in the hands of international capital."

In the townships, people felt little change and were subjected to apartheid-era evictions; some expressed nostalgia for the "order" of the old regime. The post-apartheid achievements in de-segregating daily life in South Africa, including schools, were undercut by the extremes and corruption of a "neoliberalism" to which the ANC devoted itself. This led directly to state crimes such as the massacre of 34 miners at Marikana in 2012, which evoked the infamous Sharpeville massacre more than half a century earlier. Both had been protests about injustice.

Mandela, too, fostered crony relationships with wealthy whites from the corporate world, including those who had profited from apartheid. He saw this as part of "reconciliation". Perhaps he and his beloved ANC had been in struggle and exile for so long they were willing to accept and collude with the forces that had been the people's enemy. There were those who genuinely wanted radical change, including a few in the South African Communist Party, but it was the powerful influence of mission Christianity that may have left the most indelible mark. White liberals at home and abroad warmed to this, often ignoring or welcoming Mandela's reluctance to spell out a coherent vision, as Amilcar Cabral and Pandit Nehru had done.

Ironically, Mandela seemed to change in retirement, alerting the world to the post 9/11 dangers of George W. Bush and Tony Blair. His description of Blair as "Bush's foreign minister" was mischievously timed; Thabo Mbeki, his successor, was about to arrive in London to meet Blair. I wonder what he would make of the recent "pilgrimage" to his cell on Robben Island by Barack Obama, the unrelenting jailer of Guantanamo.

Mandela seemed unfailingly gracious. When my interview with him was over, he patted me on the arm as if to say I was forgiven for contradicting him. We walked to his silver Mercedes, which consumed his small grey head among a bevy of white men with huge arms and wires in their ears. One of them gave an order in Afrikaans and he was gone.  more